Neurological examinations: the key to understanding and treating diseases of the nervous system

Neurological examinations are an extremely important diagnostic tool in the medical field. They help doctors understand the functioning of the nervous system, identify neurological problems and develop appropriate treatment strategies. Thanks to advances in technology, neurological examinations are becoming more precise and non-invasive, resulting in better health care for patients.

Electroencephalography (EEG): imaging brain activity

One of the basic neurological tests is electroencephalography (EEG). It involves recording the electrical activity of the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp. EEG is often used in cases of suspected epilepsy, seizure brain disorders, dementia, migraine, and to monitor patients in intensive care units.

During an EEG test, the patient is fitted with special electrode caps that record the brain's electrical signals. The data is then analyzed by specialists, who look for abnormalities in brain activity. The results of these tests can help diagnose various neurological diseases and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Computed tomography (CT): accurate images of brain structures

Another popular neurological test is computed tomography (CT), which produces accurate images of brain structures. CT takes a series of X-ray cross-sectional images of the brain, and then a computer combines them into a three-dimensional image. This image allows doctors to identify damage, inflammation, tumors, hematomas and assess the effects of treatment.

The CT scan is relatively quick and safe, but requires the patient to be exposed to X-rays. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid frequent performance of this examination, except when medically necessary.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): a comprehensive view of brain structures

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most precise neurological examinations that provides a comprehensive picture of brain structures. MRI does not use ionizing radiation, making it a safe and effective diagnostic tool.

During an MRI scan, the patient is placed in a strong magnetic field, which causes atomic nuclei in the body to react to radio waves. These reactions are recorded by the MRI scanner and converted into detailed images. Doctors can thus see the exact structures of the brain and identify any abnormalities. MRI is often used for brain tumors, trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, hydrocephalus and many other conditions.

Positron emission tomography (PET): functional imaging of the brain

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an innovative test that helps image functional brain activity. During this test, the patient is injected with a radioactive substance that emits positrons. The positrons react with oxygen in the brain, leading to the emission of gamma radiation.

A special detector records this radiation, and a computer constructs a 3D image of brain activity from this data. PET imaging is particularly useful in the study of neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and in diagnosing epilepsy and epileptic foci.

Summary

Neurological testing plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. From electroencephalography to PET scans, each of these tests provides valuable information about brain health. This allows doctors to intervene early, treat patients individually and guide therapy accordingly. Thanks to advances in technology, neurological testing is becoming more precise, resulting in better treatment outcomes and improved quality of life for patients with neurological diseases.